Western Industrialization Socio

Introduction Western industrialization had its socio-economic impacts in the 18th century. The industrialization evolution led to a change of social structures within the society (Armesto 31). During the 18th century, people lived in villages located in rural areas. An increase in rural-urban migration was evidenced during the industrialization era.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Western Industrialization Socio-Economic Impacts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individuals lived as farmers since agriculture was a predominant occupation. In this regard, subsistence farming was not an economic venture compared to recent times. Through industrialization, social structures that supported communism were altered by capitalistic ideologies. For example, people started to farm for economical gains. This led to establishments of factories that bought farm inputs and processed them for sale in market set-ups. Body Another social set-up that changed during the industrialization era was the conventional division of labor between men and women. Industrialization oversaw women and children get employed to address the rising demand of labor in factories (597). Industrialization in the 18th century led to adoption of mechanized farming as a new economic venture (629). The establishment of textile factories and iron smelting were considered new economic gains. Moreover, a need to improve communication was evidenced by new modes of transport and communication technologies. Trading in goods and services became predominant, and trans-regional trading between nations was considered a norm. Industrialization is credited for promoting democratic principles in the 18th century (682). The democratic principle of human rights to both women and children was established. In this regard, women became a significant factor in providing labor to new factories. In the 18th century, education became critical in supporting t he new industrial mechanization developments. Education that focused on technology and mechanization became popular (621). Formation of governments that either used capitalism and communism as democratic principles rapidly spread among nations. In this regard, civilized nations developed by sourcing labor from citizens. On the other hand, nations that embraced communism liberated the labor force through shared rewards among the community members. The industrialization era of the 18th century promoted political democracy in civilized countries. This led to the formation of political parties and democratically held elections (673). Constitutionalism became an integral element in protection of civil liberties and an effective judicial system (673). Since the industrialization evolution in the 18th century, political decisions were made by the majority. However, protecting the rights of the minority was highly upheld and enforced through constitutional laws.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the 18th century, industrialization inhibited the progress made in democratic principles and practices. Industrialization led to oppression of women and children rights. Women were forced to work long hours with minimal payment compared to men. Moreover, there were job positions considered a preserve of men only. Moreover, industrialization in the 18th century was unable to contain the oppression of the poor. The democratic principles and practices of capitalism led to inequality among citizens. Governments were unable to protect the minority who got overworked by the dominant social groups. Industrialization hampered the well-being of individuals who were dependent on subsistence agriculture. The social status phenomenon allowed the wealthy to progress compared to the poor. Communism societies did not encourage full mechanization of socio-economical practices (734). Therefore, s uch societies progressed at a lower rate compared to capitalist nations. Conclusion The progression and development of modern and democratic societies was determined by the industrialization evolution. The 18th century industrial revolution was critical in the formation of modern societies. Democratic principles that led to the establishment of human rights, political parties and constitutionalism had both positive and negative impact on society. Works Cited Armesto, F. Felipe. The world: A brief history. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print. This essay on Western Industrialization Socio-Economic Impacts was written and submitted by user Brenna Rosario to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention - 1848

Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention - 1848 The roots of the Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention, the first womens rights convention in history, go back to 1840, when Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were attending the Worlds Anti-Slavery Convention in London as delegates, as were their husbands. The credentials committee ruled that women were constitutionally unfit for public and business meetings. After a vigorous debate on the role of women at the convention, the women were relegated to a segregated womens section which was separated from the main floor by a curtain; the men were permitted to speak, the women were not. Elizabeth Cady Stanton later credited conversations held with Lucretia Mott in that segregated womens section for the idea of holding a mass meeting to address the rights of women. William Lloyd Garrison arrived after the debate about women speaking; in protest of the decision, he spent the convention in the womens section. Lucretia Mott came from a Quaker tradition in which women were able to speak in church; Elizabeth Cady Stanton had already asserted her sense of womens equality by refusing to have the word obey included in her marriage ceremony. Both were committed to the cause of abolition of slavery; their experience in working for freedom in one arena seemed to solidify their sense that full human rights must be extended to women, too. Becoming a Reality But it was not until an 1848 visit of Lucretia Mott with her sister, Martha Coffin Wright, during an annual Quaker convention, that the idea of a womens rights convention turned into plans, and Seneca Falls became a reality. The sisters met during that visit with three other women, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Mary Ann MClintock, and Jane C. Hunt, at the home of Jane Hunt. All were also interested in the anti-slavery issue, and slavery had just been abolished in Martinique and the Dutch West Indies. The women obtained a place to meet in the town of Seneca Falls and on July 14 put a notice in the paper about the upcoming meeting, publicizing it mainly in the upstate New York area: Womans Rights Convention A Convention to discuss the social, civil and religious condition and rights of woman, will be held in the Wesleyan Chapel, at Seneca Falls, N.Y., on Wednesday and Thursday, the 19th and 20th of July, current; commencing at 10 oclock, A.M. During the first day the meeting will be exclusively for women, who are earnestly invited to attend. The public generally are invited to be present on the second day, when Lucretia Mott of Philadelphia, and others, ladies and gentlemen will address the convention. Preparing the Document The five women worked to prepare an agenda and a document to be considered for passage at the Seneca Falls convention. James Mott, Lucretia Motts husband, would chair the meeting, as many would consider such a role for women to be unacceptable. Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the writing of a declaration, modeled after the Declaration of Independence. The organizers also prepared specific resolutions. When Elizabeth Cady Stanton advocated for including the right to vote among the proposed actions, the men threatened to boycott the event, and Stantons husband left town. The resolution on voting rights stayed in, though the women other than Elizabeth Cady Stanton were skeptical of its passage. First Day, July 19 At the first day of the Seneca Falls convention, with over 300 people in attendance, the participants discussed womens rights. Forty of the participants at Seneca Falls were men, and the women quickly made the decision to allow them to participate fully, asking them only to be silent on the first day which had been meant to be exclusively for women. The morning didnt begin auspiciously: when those who had organized the Seneca Falls event arrived at the meeting place, Wesleyan Chapel, they found that the door was locked, and none of them had a key. A nephew of Elizabeth Cady Stanton climbed in a window and opened the door. James Mott, who was supposed to chair the meeting (it still being considered too outrageous for a woman to do so), was too ill to attend. The first day of the Seneca Falls convention continued with a discussion of the prepared Declaration of Sentiments. Amendments were proposed and some were adopted. In the afternoon, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton spoke, then more changes were made to the Declaration. The eleven resolutions including the one that Stanton had added late, proposing that women get the vote were debated. Decisions were put off until Day 2 so that men, too, could vote. In the evening session, open to the public, Lucretia Mott spoke. Second Day, July 20 On the second day of the Seneca Falls convention, James Mott, Lucretia Motts husband, presided. Ten of the eleven resolutions passed quickly. The resolution on voting, however, saw more opposition and resistance. Elizabeth Cady Stanton continued to defend that resolution, but its passage was in doubt until an ardent speech by ex-slave and newspaper owner, Frederick Douglass, on its behalf. The closing of the second day included readings of Blackstones Commentaries on the status of women and speeches by several including Frederick Douglass. A resolution offered by Lucretia Mott passed unanimously: The speedy success of our cause depends upon the zealous and untiring efforts of both men and women, for the overthrow of the monopoly of the pulpit, and for securing to women of equal participation with men in the various trades, professions, and commerce. The debate about mens signatures on the document was resolved by permitting men to sign, but below the womens signatures. Of about 300 people present, 100 signed the document. Amelia Bloomer was among those who did not; she had arrived late and had spent the day in the gallery because there were no seats left on the floor. Of the signatures, 68 were of women and 32 were of men. Reactions to the Convention The story of Seneca Falls wasnt over, however. Newspapers reacted with articles mocking the Seneca Falls convention, some printing the Declaration of Sentiments in its entirety because they thought it was ridiculous on its face. Even more liberal papers like that of Horace Greeley judged the demand to vote to be going too far. Some signers asked to have their names removed. Two weeks after the Seneca Falls convention, a few of the participants met again, in Rochester, New York. They resolved to continue the effort, and organize more conventions (though in the future, with women chairing the meetings). Lucy Stone was key in organizing a convention in 1850 in Rochester: the first to be publicized and conceptualized as a national womens rights convention. Two early sources for the Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention are the contemporary account in Frederick Douglass Rochester newspaper, The North Star, and Matilda Joslyn Gages account, first published in 1879 as National Citizen and Ballot Box, later becoming part of A History of Woman Suffrage, edited by Gage, Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony (who was not at Seneca Falls; she did not become involved in womens rights until 1851).

Netherlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Netherlands - Essay Example They occupy a mile of the total shoreline length. This essay will highlight some of the main tourist attraction scenes and centers in Netherlands. It will also discuss the impact of tourism on the Netherlands. The Delta Project is recognized as one of the major tourist attractions sites. It is also known as the Delta Works. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, this Project is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It was started in 1950 in South Holland and Zeeland. The construction was completed in 1997. It aimed at stopping the sea from encroaching the dry land. The tourist attractions in the Project are the sluices, dams, storm surge barriers, and dikes. The overall architecture is also beautiful scenery (Zeti, 2014). Another tourist attraction in Netherlands is the Rijksmuseum. It is found in Amsterdam. It boasts of the cultural heritage that is archived in the museum. History students and researchers are particularly interested in the museum to study the Dutch Golden Age. They can obtain ancient works such as the paintings by people like Vermeer and Rembrandt. It is also surrounded by a beautiful scene of water and green environment (Zeti, 2014). The tourism industry also depends on the wild animals. There are several game parks and reserves in the Netherlands. In this light, the Hoge Veluwe National Park is the primary tourist destination. The park is characterized by woodlands, heathlands, and sand dunes. It also has rare species of animals that attract the tourists. Apart from the wildlife, it houses the Krà ¶ller-Mà ¼ller Museum. The archeological paintings of Vincent van Gogh are found in this museum. The Park is widely recognized because of its high-class accommodation of visitors through the provision of tour guides and means of transport such as bikes (Zeti, 2014). Another scenery tourist attraction in the Netherlands is the Keukenhof Gardens. It is the largest flower garden in the world, and it

The Crash of the Housing Market and its Effects on the Labour Force Essay

The Crash of the Housing Market and its Effects on the Labour Force - Essay Example The United States crash of the housing market was an unconstructive event that transpired and led to a financial crisis, as well as a subsequent recession, which started in 2008. The occurrence, officially referred to as the subprime mortgage crisis, was typified by an increase in subprime mortgage foreclosures and delinquencies and the resulting drop of market securities backed by alleged mortgages. These MBS and CDO – mortgage-backed securities and collateralised debt obligations, respectively, formerly granted appealing rates of return because of the greater rates on the mortgages, but the slightly lower credit quality eventually lead to massive defaults. Whereas factors of the financial crisis became clearer during 2007, a number of major financial organizations collapsed in September 2008, with considerable interference in the credit flow of these organizations and their consumers, along with the start of a harsh global financial crisis (recession). The financial turmoil had long-lasting effects to the United States and European financial systems. The United States, in particular, fell into a deep recession with almost 9 million jobs lost from 2008 to 2009, nearly 6 percent of the nation’s workforce. ... licies to endorse affordable housing, poor local and state governmental programs and mark-to-market accounting principle), role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, poor policies by the Federal Reserve (American central bank), high debt levels and incentives of financial institution, credit default swaps, the trade deficit, technology and globalisation and finally the boom and subside of the shadow banking schemes (Wall 5). As from 1997 to 2006, the peak period of the American housing bubble, the value of a normal American house went up by 124% (Wallison 51). Between 1980 and 2001, the ratio of normal home values to normal household salary, also known as the measure of someone’s capacity to purchase a house, shifted from 2.9 to 3.1 (Wallison 51). By 2005, the ratio had increased to 4.0, and, by 2006, it hit a high of 4.6. This housing bubble made fairly a few property holders refinance their homes at much lower interest rates or back customer spending through taking out other mortga ges secured through the price appreciation. The United States household balance, as a fraction of yearly disposable personal revenue, was a stunning 127% by 2007, against 77%, in 1990 (Wallison 51). Effects on the Labour Force The ILO estimated that roughly 20 million positions will have been lost by the close of 2009 because of the financial crisis, particularly in the construction, financial services, real estate and auto industry, bringing world joblessness rate over 200 million for the initial time (Wallison 56). The number of unemployed individuals the world over was over 50 million, in 2009, as the world recession intensified. By the end of 2007, the United States joblessness rate was 4.9%. By late 2009, the rate had hit a high of 10.1% (Wallison 56). A wider measure of the unemployment

Business Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Decision Making - Essay Example The purpose of the market research is normally to choose the right customers for the business. This is to ensure that the business meets the needs of the customers and there is no wastage of resources in marketing to people for whom the business is targeted. Choosing the people to be included in the survey refers to defining the population for the research. Broadly, for any research it is essential that the targeted segments who use the products and services and are concerned with the company in some way. Thus it is essential to rightly define the population as it would allow the marketing efforts to be more effective and would also led to a gain results from the survey and any money that is spent on the business. The next section allows for a clearer understanding of why the defining of population is essential while undertaking a research. There are a number of aspects of defining the population which will be clearly understood by these examples. In short, aspects like the importanc e in terms of the marketing efforts, also to gain reliable results which can form a strong basis for the company. (i) A survey on driving: While conducting a research on driving, it would be unnecessary to interview people who do not drive or even do not have a driving license. In a case like this, if a company surveys interviews and conducts a survey of people who do not know how to drive, or people who do not have a car, or even interviewing minors, the solutions to the result will be unreliable. This is mainly because while conducting a research it is essential to rightly choose the people who are related to the research. Hence the defined market will be individuals who are above the age for obtaining a driving license, people who know how to drive and also who either have a car or have access to a car. These groups of people will form the right target for the research, and will provide reliable answers for the research. (ii) A survey on attitudes to smoking at the work place:

Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay

Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay Global Warming Cause and Effect Essay It is believed peoples careless use of fossil fuels are responsible for causing Global warming. Environmentalists say people do not realize the serious effects of their own actions. They continue to waste resources and pollute the air despite all the evidence pointing to the effects of such behavior. There are numerous, well known things we do that perpetuate Global Warming. Who would have known that the invention of the car/automobile would eventually contribute to the leading cause of global warming? For years society have been driving cars emitting fossil fuels, using coal powered electricity or heating homes with natural gas and oil. This has caused carbon dioxide and other harmful gasses to be released into Earths atmosphere and environment. Our tree population, for example, has decreased tremendously throughout the years because of increased tree cutting. Has also contributed to more polluted air due to lack of oxygen convertors. (http://environment.about.com/od/faqglobalwarming/f/globalwarming.htm) Peoples lack of concern for conserving its resources will only make Global warming worse. In 2007, scientists met and determined that society has â€Å"very likely† been the main cause of global warming since the 1950s. (http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/ipcc_report.htm) According to EnvironmentalGraffti.com in 2007 it was determined that the spread of diseases, warming waters resulting in more hurricanes, the probability of increase heat waves,drought, economic consequences, and polar ice caps melting are the top â€Å"5 Deadliest Effects of Global Warming†. (http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/5-deadliest-effects-of-global-warming/276) Rising sea levels will cause millions who live in coastal regions to lose their homes. Insects are migrating to more warming climates and carrying diseases. It is believed that Malaria still exists in some countries as a direct cause of global warming. In addition, with the continually rising temperature of the ocean there is a threat of an increased chance of more powerful and frequent hurricanes. We all remember hurricane Katrina and the devastation it brought to New Orleans as well as to several other towns and cities throughout the Southeast. With Katrinas aftermath came many economical struggles. People were trying to rebuild their homes, relocate and even find work as many businesses were destroyed. Unfortunately, people are still struggling to rebuild their lives today.Why not try to make changes in our daily lives to prevent devastation such as Katrina? Just as important, the droughts and heat waves that are occurring as a result of global warming are phenomenal. Even here in Arizona, during the monsoon season, we have experienced drought. Though I do not think our drought is as severe as places such as Africa, where they already are experiencing dangerously low water supplies and extreme heat waves. As a result, some speculate that this could cause people to start fighting for water- a necessary resource many take advantage of and assume will be available forever. Half way around the world, however, Sea levels are rising with the increased melting of polar ice caps. When fresh water ice caps melt into the ocean these changes dillute the salty waters. Of course this then affects the ocean and acquatic life which cannot survive without a homeostatic balance of salt content of the ocean. You are probably thinking that losing a little ocean life is no big deal, right? Did you know that the increased global temperature is because the su n can no longer reflect off the tops of the ice caps? When the sun reflects off the ice caps it projects into space. And why is that important? It helps to decrease the temperature in the earths atmosphere which in turn keeps us cooler. So what can we do to help slow down the process of losing our planet? First we need to start by caring. I see people everyday that could walk the 4 blocks to school or work. They choose not to, however. Imagine how much vehicle pollution we could eliminate if everyone were to ask 20 people they know if they could walk instead of driving. If they cant walk them maybe we can use technology wisely and find ways to create vehicles that are environmentally friendly. Another step is to increase recycling. Next time you go to throw that soda can or paper away, remember it is recyclable (and make money from recycling cans). What about disposable diapers? I know they are convenient, but why not give cloths a try? It may take a little extra work and many places around the country have diaper laundry services(but would also provides work and business for others.) Finally, when your kids ask to watch television or play a video game why not limit the amount of time of their use? This will cut bac k on electricity use and theyll benefit doing other, healthier activities. Encourage them to read a book or play outside like we or our parents did. In conclusion, evidence shows that peoples choices in everyday life and their use of technology and resources has undoubtedly increased global warming. We can slow down the negative effects of such choices if everyone does their part. It does not matter how small or big the effort every little bit helps in helping reverse the potential, devastating effects of global warming. Think of the earth as a team and our team wants to win. Help to slow Global warming! Go Green! Works Cited: http://environment.about.com/od/faqglobalwarming/f/globalwarming.htm http://environment.about.com/od/globalwarming/a/ipcc_report.htm http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/sciencetech/5-deadliest-effects-of-global-warming/276

Challenges Faced by Leaders in Early Contemporary Years :: Social Issues, Collaboration, Communication

Katzenbach and smith (1993) state that ‘‘a team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, approach and performance goals for which they hold themselves mutually accountable’’ as each individual needs to be given the opportunity to put forward and link their personal strengths with their roles and responsibilities in order to enhance and empower the team as a whole. ‘’There is a failure in society to have a single, clear view of the function of early childhood provisions’’ (Jones and Pound, 2008, p. 22). This could cause implications for professionals working together as they could disagree on the goals or outcomes of the setting. Leaders need to support the practitioners within the setting and encourage them to reach their full potential. In contrast, many practitioners may not want to take on the roles of a leader. Jones and Pound (2006) suggest many practitioners have assumed the role rather than applied for it. Often these changes can cause many problems to those who try to resist it due to not wanting extra work or even because they simply do not understand the new job role. Leaders can overcome this by ensuring all practitioners are treated equally and all ideas are considered (Pound and Jones 2008). Wall (2006) embraces Lumsden’s (2005) notion suggesting that a collaboration between professionals is essential to share expertise, information and skills. Wall (2006) supports the need for information to be shared in order to meet the needs of the families. This implies that it is a relationship between individual practitioners that will ultimately decide whether multi agency is effective or not. Jones and Pound (2008) state that a characteristic of an effective multi agency team can exchange information using agreed communication systems. However; there are various challenges which can arise from this, such as; practitioners not having enough time to share information on a regular basis due to their responsibilities. Occasionally co-location makes this easier. Children centres are an ‘’exciting and promising initiative’’ built upon from the governments 10 year strategy for children offering a wide range of services combined in order to make a †˜one stop shop’ which provides resources for lower-income families (Pugh and Duffy 2010 p. 123). Additional government funding has been set in place intended to improve practice and level of qualifications in the early year’s sector. Pugh and Duffy (2010) suggested this was needed to improve practitioners knowledge.